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Skeletal muscle has recently been recognised as an endocrine organ that not only contains metabolically important molecules, the expression of which alters metabolism, but also communicates with other tissues through the secretion of hormones, known as myokines, which are released into circulation especially during or immediately after physical activity [1]. The benefits of exercise, in addition to those of a healthy, Mediterranean type diet, have been extensively documented, and are considered to be the cornerstones for the non-pharmacological therapy of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases [2],[3].

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-γ co-activator (PGC)-1α is one the most metabolically important molecules expressed in muscle that plays a critical role in the maintenance of glucose, lipid, and energy homeostasis and whose expression in skeletal muscle increases with exercise. PGC-1α …