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We present a combined experimental and numerical study that provides the understanding of deformation mechanisms and stresses in Mg AZ31B alloy across scales, from macro-scale (Type I) to micro- (inter-granular, Type II) and nano-scale (intra-granular, Type III). The combination of in situ synchrotron X-ray diffraction (XRD), in situ electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD) and crystal plasticity finite element (CPFE) modeling of crystal slip and twinning/detwinning was employed. The crystal rotation observed directly in the XRD and EBSD experiments revealed the onset and completion of the twinning/detwinning processes during in situ cyclic compression-tension loading. It also allowed reliable calibration of the key model parameters, in particular critical resolved shear stress (CRSS) of detwinning. The validation of the model was performed at distinct different scales corresponding to all stress types. Direct …