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We live in an ever-mobile, digital and globalized network society, and we witness constant mobilities of people in physical, social and virtual space (Canzler et al. 2008). Given the mobilities turn in social sciences, we know why we need to study human mobilities (Sheller and Urry 2016). Yet, how do we examine human (im) mobilities precisely in practice? One feasible possibility is to apply the mobile positioning approach; tracing locations of mobile phones through time and physical (potentially social and virtual) space. This chapter focuses on mobile positioning as a novel approach to examine the spatio-temporal mobility of people and population dynamics to better manage and plan more sustainable societies. Mobile phones provide a unique opportunity to study human mobility, as they are the most popular mobile technology; more than 5 billion people in the world have a mobile phone and the number of users …