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In addition to antiviral agents for non-hospitalized patients with SARS-CoV-2 infections, 1 inhaled corticosteroid (ICS), such as ciclesonide has been repurposed as one of potential therapy for outpatients with COVID-19. 2 e5 Although several randomized controlled trials (RCTs) 2 e5 had investigated the efficacy of inhaled ciclesonide, their findings were not consistent. Therefore, we conducted this meta-analysis to assess the effect of inhaled ciclesonide for outpatients with COVID-19.

We searched PubMed, and ClinicalTrials. gov from inception to June 15, 2022. Only RCTs that investigated the clinical efficacy of inhaled ciclesonide in the treatment of patients with COVID-19 were included. The following data were extracted from each included study: year of publication, study design, study population and clinical outcomes. The primary outcome was the resolution of symptoms, and the secondary outcome was risk of …