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The Raman spectrum of partially crystalline polyethylene can be described as a superposition of three components, which originate from the orthorhombic crystalline phase, a meltlike amorphous phase, and a disordered phase of anisotropic nature, where chains are stretched but have lost their lateral order. The mass fractions involved in the three phases can be derived directly from the integral intensities of characteristic bands without an additional calibration procedure. A comparison of the results obtained for a variety of samples shows agreement with the crystallinities derived from the density, and the small‐angle and wide‐angle x‐ray diagrams. Data indicate that the disordered anisotropic phase is located at a transition zone between crystalline and amorphous layers. Application of the method in a temperature‐dependence experiment permits a detailed examination of partial melting.