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The construction industry is widely regarded as one of the most significant in terms of its impact on health and safety (H and S). Recent studies suggest that in developing countries H and S awareness and performance is low. In this paper, the current state of Jordan's on site construction H and S is explored using a two-part investigation. The first part introduces the area of research in a literature based study of on-site safety. The second part presents the findings of a case study on the Jordanian construction industry and its H and S practices. Primary data was collected from field visits, expert interviews and semi-structured questionnaires. Supporting secondary data was collected from archival studies and related research literature. The findings highlight a lack of government commitment exemplified by regulation, policy and legal constraints that limit the operational efficiency of government departments responsible …