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There is a high prevalence of mental illnesses, including depression, anxiety, nicotine dependence, and sleep disorders among Jordanian adolescents and schoolchildren. There are many young Syrian refugees in Jordan, who have an increased risk of physical and psychological illnesses.

To assess the behavioural and emotional symptoms among Syrian schoolchildren refugees in Jordan and their Jordanian counterparts.

A cross-sectional, descriptive study was conducted from October to December 2018 on Syrian and Jordanian schoolchildren, aged 12–17 years, attending the same schools in 4 cities with the highest density of Syrian refugees. A self-reported questionnaire was used to collect information about sociodemographic characteristics. The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire was used to measure behavioural and emotional symptoms.

This study included 1877 Jordanian schoolchildren and 1768 Syrian schoolchildren refugees. The Syrian children’s parents were significantly less educated and had significantly lower incomes and larger families than Jordanian parents had. The total difficulties and peer relationship problems were abnormally high in more than half of children. Compared to Jordanians, Syrian schoolchildren had more total difficulties (‎58.2% vs 52.5%)‎, and peer relationship (‎55.5 vs 53.6%)‎, con- duct (‎47.6% vs 44.8%)‎, and emotional problems (‎32.0% vs 30.8%)‎, but they had fewer hyperactivity/inattention problems (‎35.5% vs 36.9%)‎, and prosocial behaviour problems (‎42.5% vs 43.0%)‎. In binary logistic regression, Syrian were more likely than Jordanian schoolchildren to …