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Land-use policies, especially in tropical zones, are frequently seen as facing three insoluble problems:(1) low or inefficient agricultural production, which leads to (2) clearing of natural habitat for more farmland, which leads to (3) loss of biodiversity (Ausebel 1996; Glokany 1998; Trewavas 2001). The solution to this three-part dilemma is often seen by going backward, so to speak (1) loss of biodiversity can be stemmed if (2) farmers stop clearing natural habitat, which can be done if (3) agricultural production is intensified on land already devoted to agricultural production. The seemingly inescapable conclusion is that intensifying agriculture already underway is the main so-lution to the problem of biodiversity loss (Green et al. 2005). We argue that this seemingly impeccable frame-work is wrong and that a more realistic framing suggests a view of conservation that is distinct from more tradi-tional forms. In our view …