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While machine-learning techniques have been widely used in smart industrial fault diagnosis, there is a major assumption that the source domain data (where the diagnosis model is trained) and the future target data (where the model is applied) must have the same distribution. However, this assumption may not hold in real industrial applications due to the changing operating conditions or mechanical wear. Recent advances have embedded the adversarial-learning mechanism into deep neural networks to reduce the distribution discrepancy between different domains to learn domain-invariant features and perform fault diagnosis. However, they only aligned the distributions of domains and neglected the fault-discriminative structure underlying the target domain, which leads to a decline in the diagnostic performance. In this article, a new method termed the fine-grained adversarial network-based domain …