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There is increasing interest in both relating the mechanical behavior of high-entropy alloys to their microstructural evolution and in their development for various applications. A special two-day international workshop on the above topic was held in Guiyang, China, in December 2014. The workshop gathered scientists and engineers to exchange information on recent progress in high-entropy alloys, to discuss the scientific issues and challenges to foster international collaborations, and to identify future directions. In this paper, a summary of this workshop is presented, including aspects of definition/terminology, phase formation, microstructure and phase stability, strengthening mechanisms, and high-temperature properties. Future research directions are also outlined.