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A new network paradigm, CIoT, has been proposed by applying cognitive computing technologies, which is derived from cognitive science and artificial intelligence in combination with the data generated by connected IoT devices and the actions that these devices perform. The development of cognitive computing is very important in the above process to meet key technical challenges, such as generation of big sensory data, efficient computing/storage at the CIoT edge, and integration of multiple data sources and types. On the other hand, to evolve with the new computing and communication paradigms, the CIoT ecosystem has to update by absorbing new capabilities such as deep learning, the CIoT sensing system, data analytics, and cognitiion in providing human-like intelligence.