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In this article, we describe the language and communication problems of individuals with fragile X syndrome (FXS). FXS is a common genetic disorder resulting from a single‐gene mutation on the X chromosome. It is associated with a wide spectrum of physical, behavioral, cognitive, and language problems. Males are typically more severely affected than females, with the vast majority of males having mental retardation. Language and communication are negatively affected by problems in oral‐motor structure and function and by conductive hearing loss associated with recurrent otitis media. Speech problems of males with FXS include variability in rate and stuttering‐like repetition of sounds. The pattern of speech problems displayed by males is unique to FXS and may reflect a form of developmental dyspraxia. Lexical development is serious delayed in males with FXS. It is less clear, however, whether lexical …