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Pinochet's 1974 forestry law led to a rapid increase in development of the sector in southern Chile. Although there have been new employment opportunities and associated economic multiplier effects, the negative impacts of the sector, both socially and environmentally, have been widespread and have generated responses from diverse social organisations. Nevertheless, the capacity of these organisations to act collectively and create alliances against the sector's dominant, mainstream actors has been weak. The article argues that different social movements fail to capitalise on horizontal linkages in order to press their claims for socio-ecological justice related to the development of the forestry sector. This is a product of a strong state–industry link and high concentration in a sector dominated by two firms, a relic of the power geometries established under the dictatorship. Different social movements—unions …