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Mitochondrial respiration, activities of electron transport chain enzymes and formation of oxidative stress parameters were investigated in mitochondria isolated from gill tissue of mud crabs (Scylla serrata) as a function of salinity (10ppt, 17ppt and 35ppt). Mitochondrial oxygen consumption rate was higher for succinate as substrate compared with those of glutamate, malate and pyruvate. Complex I and complex II mediated respirations were higher at low salinity (10ppt) than high salinity (17ppt and 35ppt). Although activities of electron transport chain enzymes particularly complexes I (EC 1.6.5.3), II (EC 1.3.99.1) and II–III (EC 1.3.2.1) were elevated linearly in response to salinity treatment, activity of complex V (ATPase, EC 3.6.1.34) was decreased at 35ppt salinity. However, ATPase activity was higher at 17ppt salinity in comparison to 10ppt and 17ppt salinity. Results of the experiment suggest that high salinity …