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The phosphorus-containing porous organic polymer is a trending material for the synthesis of heterogeneous catalysts. Decades of investigations have established phosphines as versatile ligands in homogeneous catalysis. Recently, phosphine-based heterogeneous catalysts were synthesized to exploit the same electronic properties while leveraging extra stability and reusability. In the last few decades, the catalysts were applied in diverse organic transformations, including hydroformylation, hydrogenation, C–C, C–N and C–X coupling, hydrosilylation, oxidative-carbonylation reactions, and so on. However, even though these polymers possess a multifunctional character, they face multiple synthetic issues in controlling the pore size, increasing the surface area, and creating a single type of active site. This review summarizes the developments in this field over the last few decades, highlighting the current …