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The Internet of Things (IoT) is a transformative technology marking the beginning of a new era where physical, biological, and digital worlds are integrated by connecting a plethora of uniquely identifiable smart objects. Although the Internet of Terrestrial Things (IoTT) has been at the center of our IoT perception, it has been recently extended to different environments, such as the Internet of Underwater Things (IoWT), the Internet of Biomedical Things (IoBT), and Internet of Underground Things (IoGT). Even though radio frequency (RF) based wireless networks are regarded as the default means of connectivity, they are not always the best option due to the limited spectrum, interference limitations caused by the ever-increasing number of devices, and severe propagation loss in transmission mediums other than air. As a remedy, optical wireless communication (OWC) technologies can complement, replace, or co-exist …