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Nowadays, inter-domain routing for MANETs draws increasing attention because of military and vehicular applications. The challenges in wireless, mobile inter-domain routing include dynamic network topology, intermittent connectivity, and routing protocol heterogeneity. The existing Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) is the de facto inter-domain routing protocol for the Internet. But BGP is not applicable to MANETs because the BGP design is based on a static Internet which does not support dynamic discovery of members, and cannot scale to mobile, dynamic topology environments. The proposed cluster-based inter-domain routing (CIDR) protocol obtains efficient communications among MANETs and achieves scalability in large networks by using the clustering technique. The proposed approach generates clusters using group affinity. In each domain, the distributed clustering algorithm discovers the set of …