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In situ electromigration experiments were carried out to study electromigration-induced failure in the upper and lower layers in dual-damascene Cu test structures. The observations revealed electromigration-induced void movement along the Cu/dielectric cap interface. It supports the premise that Cu/Si3N4 interface acts as the dominant electromigration path. However, the observed void nucleation occurs in the Cu/Si3N4 interface at locations which are far from the cathode, and void movement along the Cu/Si3N4 interface in opposite direction of electron flow eventually causes void agglomeration at the via in the cathode end. The different electromigration behaviors of the upper and lower layer dual-damascene structures are discussed.© 2004 American Institute of Physics.[DOI: 10.1063/1.1795978]

Electromigration in dual-damascene Cu interconnects is currently one of the most important reliability issues in …