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Wireless Multimedia Sensor Networks (WMSN) have recently gained the attention of the research community due to their wide range of applications and the advancement of CMOS cameras. In this survey paper we outline the WMSN applications, discuss their challenges and resource constraints. In addition, this paper investigates the proposed solutions by the research community to overcome challenges and constraints through architecture design and multimedia encoding paradigms. Moreover, some of the deployed examples of WMSN done by different research groups are also discussed. In addition, we provide a detail discussion of the proposed optimization solutions and outline research areas of possible improvements.