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This paper proposes an artificial bee colony (ABC for short) algorithm with random key for resource-constrained project scheduling (RCPSP for short) in real time. Aim at resource saving by the activities, the RCPSP problem attempts to obtain a feasible schedule minimizing the makespan. We modified the artificial bee colony algorithm (named by ABC-RK) for this problem, where the problem representation was based on random key, and a heuristic priority rule to assign activities was also employed. The preliminary experimental results showed the effectiveness of the ABC-RK algorithm.