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Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) consist of numerous sensor nodes, each sensor nodes are equipped with limited resources. WSNs are strategically distributed throughout an environment to continuously monitor, and measure physical and natural parameters such as temperature, humidity, and motion. In the deployed environment, gathered data from the sensor nodes are transmitted to a remote server or Base Station (BS) using multi-hop communication. WSNs are applied in diverse domains such as agriculture, healthcare monitoring, environmental monitoring, and target tracking. However, the sensor nodes, being tiny and deployed in harsh environments, face energy constraints due to limited battery life and the difficulty of recharging or replacing batteries. Therefore, enhancing the energy efficiency and providing security in WSNs is a critical challenge. In the proposed work, Honey Badger Optimization …