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Small ship detection is an important topic in autonomous ship technology and plays an essential role in shipping safety. Since traditional object detection techniques based on the shipborne radar are not qualified for the task of near and small ship detection, deep learning-based image recognition methods based on video surveillance systems can be naturally utilized on autonomous vessels to effectively detect near and small ships. However, a limited number of real-world samples of small ships may fail to train a learning method that can accurately detect small ships in most cases. To address this, a novel hybrid deep learning method that combines a modified Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) and a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN)-based detection approach is proposed for small ship detection. Specifically, a Gaussian Mixture Wasserstein GAN with Gradient Penalty is utilized to first directly generate …