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Heterogeneous photocatalytic oxidation process (PCO) is a promising technology for removing indoor volatile organic compounds (VOCs) contaminants. Titanium dioxide (TiO₂) has been regarded as the most suitable photocatalyst for its cost effectiveness, high stability and great capability to degrade various VOCs. However, no TiO₂-based photocatalysts completely satisfy all practical requirements given photoexcited charge carriers’ short lifetime and a wide band gap requiring ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Strategies for improving TiO₂ photocatalyst activities by doping with different metal and/or non-metal ions and by coupling with other semiconductors have been examined and reported. These techniques can improve PCO performance through the following mechanisms: i) by introducing an electron capturing level in the band gap that would generate some defects in the TiO₂ lattice and help capture charge …