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Modular integrated construction (MiC) is a game-changing cleaner construction approach which improves construction project performances. For many types of buildings, MiC is increasingly becoming a preferred construction method. However, MiC projects have generated mixed outcomes; many of them encountered problems and even failed. Yet, there is limited knowledge of the reasons why MiC projects may fail. This research identified and evaluated 22 potential critical failure factors (CFFs) for MiC projects, based on a structured questionnaire survey with international experts. A mean score analysis showed that all the identified CFFs are significant factors causing MiC project failure. A structure detection analysis of the CFFs generated a 4-factor solution explaining about 72.34% of the total variance in the failure of MiC projects. The 4 principal failure factors (PFFs) for MiC projects comprise poor design and …