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This study employs findings from social comparison research to investigate adolescents' comparisons with siblings with regard to parental treatment. The sibling comparison hypothesis was tested on a sample of 516 two‐child families by examining whether gender, self‐esteem, and emotionality — which have been found in previous research to moderate social comparison — also moderate sibling comparison as reflected by siblings' own evaluations of differential parental treatment. Results supported a moderating effect for self‐esteem and emotionality but not gender. The sibling comparison process was further examined by using a structural equation model in which parenting toward each child was associated with the adjustment of that child and of the child's sibling. Evidence of the “sibling barricade” effect — that is, parenting toward one child being linked with opposite results on the child's sibling as on the …