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The most common birth anomaly occurring in infants is the congenital heart disease (CHD). It is the important cause of mortality and morbidity among children. The aim of this review is to conduct searches for peer-reviewed research papers published since 1980, with keywords “congenital heart defects,”“incidences,”“pathophysiology,” and “congenital anomalies.” Recent advances in the treatment of CHD have allowed many children to survive, causing a growing population of adults with the congenital heart defect. Lesser information exists regarding survival, prevalence, comorbidities, and late outcomes in this emerging group and several barriers hampers research in congenital heart defect. Some investigating research of congenital heart defect offers good opportunity in understanding and identifying high-risk population. This review provides an overview of the etiology, prevalence, pathophysiology, and …