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Seal coating is a preventive maintenance technique typically applied to low volume asphaltic concrete pavements to defer the need for major rehabilitation. Past research on seal coating effectiveness has generally indicated that both short- and medium-term benefits are associated with this treatment. Regarding the relationship between short-term effectiveness and initial pavement condition, results of past studies have been equivocal: some studies found that lower levels of initial pavement condition are associated with lower effectiveness after seal coating treatment, while results of other studies were to the contrary. This paper, in developing seal coating effectiveness models, explains the findings of both schools of thought. The paper finds that the direction of seal coating effectiveness in relation to the initial pavement condition depends on the measure of effectiveness used: pavements in relatively poor condition …