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Natural self-organising systems function without central control and operate based on contextual local interactions. The particularity of self-organised systems is their capacity to spontaneously (without external control) produce a new organisation in case of environmental changes. These systems are particularly robust, because they adapt to these changes, and are able to ensure their own survivability. In some cases, selforganisation is coupled with emergent behaviour, in the sense that although individual components carry out a simple task, as a whole they are able to carry out complex tasks emerging in a coherent way through the local interactions of the various components. The complexity of today's applications is such, eg world scale, that no centralised or hierarchical control is possible. In other cases, it is the unforeseeable context, in which the application evolves or moves, which makes any supervision difficult. Therefore, we are witnessing an increased interest from both the academic community and the industry in naturally inspired (robust and simple) solutions for building modern applications favouring self-organisation and/or emergence of properties. We can foresee that among the applications of tomorrow, a great many of them will be biologically inspired: self-organising sensors networks, allowing the control of aerospace vehicles, or of dangerous zones; self-organising traffic management, allowing re-routing of emergency vehicles, or individual cars; storage facilities, or self-managing operating systems facilities. Some others applications tackle with complex problem solving in which complexity is due to the great space search …