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The effect of temperature during cellulose compression has been studied using mechanical testing, particle size analysis, density and pressure–volume–temperature (PVT) measurements, crystallinity index, scanning electron microscope photographs and water sorption isotherms. Commercial cellulose powder samples with different crystallinity levels were compacted at high pressure (177 MPa) for 10 min at two different temperatures: 25 and 160 °C. Three point bending test results for compressed samples are discussed. When pressure was applied directly to powders at room temperature, the cellulose sample with the highest level of crystallinity showed an increase in its crystallinity index of about 5 %, while this was about 22 % for the sample with the lowest level. These increases were even higher at 160 °C attaining 8 and 33 % respectively. Using density measurements, a densification phase related to …