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Inter-Component Communication (ICC) provides a message passing mechanism for data exchange between Android applications. It has been long believed that inter-app ICCs can be abused by malware writers to launch collusion attacks using two or more apps. However, because of the complexity of performing pairwise program analysis on apps, the scale of existing analyses is too small (e.g., up to several hundred) to produce concrete security evidence. In this paper, we report our findings in the first large-scale detection of collusive and vulnerable apps, based on inter-app ICC data flows among 110,150 real-world apps. Our system design aims to balance the accuracy of static ICC resolution/data-flow analysis and run-time scalability. This large-scale analysis provides real-world evidence and deep insights on various types of inter-app ICC abuse. Besides the empirical findings, we make several technical …