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This paper examines various design strategies that might be employed to construct statistically more efficient stated choice designs in the presence of a reference alternative in a choice set. Using data collected in Sydney in 2004 in the context of trading time and cost attributes associated with alternative tolled and non-tolled routes to drive a car to work, we contrast D-efficient designs (based on a number of ways of pivoting attribute levels around a reference alternative) with the more traditional orthogonal designs and conclude that D-efficiency design strategies produce significantly improved results, in a statistical sense of relative efficiency, than the more traditional orthogonal design. Furthermore, the increased use of computer aided personal survey instruments and internet-based surveys enables researchers to structure the experiments around the very specific experiences of each sampled respondent, adding …