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Biogas production from different waste resources still has limitations due to its complex structure and slowly biodegradable nature. To improve methane yield and anaerobic digestion performance, various substrate pretreatment methods have been suggested. This paper reviews the latest trends, progress, and research achievements about pretreatment technologies to improve anaerobic digestion efficiency. The pretreatment techniques are divided into four main groups which are physical, chemical, biological, and combined. The effect of inhibitor formation during the pretreatment process is discussed. The energy performance, economics, and environmental impact of these pretreatment technologies are revealed. This study concludes with future trends and emphasizes the necessity of pretreatment methods.