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Background The inappropriate use of antibiotics is considered a main cause of microbial resistance. This is an important public health problem. Community pharmacists have an important role in the management of drugs for outpatients. Objective Our study sought to explore pharmacists’ knowledge, attitudes, perceptions and dispensing habits insofar as to antibiotics and microbial resistance. Setting The study was developed with community pharmacists in the North of Portugal. Methods Qualitative research in the form of focus groups (FG). Focus groups were conducted with 4–7 pharmacists, using a moderator. A topic guide was developed to lead the discussions, which were audio-recorded and transcribed. The study was carried out between December 2010 and March 2011 in the five districts of the Northern Health Region of Portugal (ARS-N). Pharmacists from different regions of each district …