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In this study, a deep learning algorithm based on the you-only-look-once (YOLO) approach is proposed for the quality inspection of printed circuit boards (PCBs). The high accuracy and efficiency of deep learning algorithms has resulted in their increased adoption in every field. Similarly, accurate detection of defects in PCBs by using deep learning algorithms, such as convolutional neural networks (CNNs), has garnered considerable attention. In the proposed method, highly skilled quality inspection engineers first use an interface to record and label defective PCBs. The data are then used to train a YOLO/CNN model to detect defects in PCBs. In this study, 11,000 images and a network of 24 convolutional layers and 2 fully connected layers were used. The proposed model achieved a defect detection accuracy of 98.79% in PCBs with a batch size of 32.