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In the construction industry, on-site labor is one of the most variable and costly factors that affect project profits. Because of the variable nature of construction labor and its correlation with profits, construction managers require a comprehensive understanding of the activities of workers on-site. For project success, it is obviously important that workers are spending the majority of their time installing materials that advance the project. This material installation time is known in the construction industry as “direct-work” or “tool time.” Continuously improving the direct-work rate through the life of the project is critical to project success, and yet no workface assessment method exists in the literature to provide (1) a detailed description of worker activities; or (2) a continuous productivity improvement process to help management identify productivity inhibitors affecting site labor, develop a plan to reduce or eliminate these …