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Since sensor nodes make use of battery energy, energy consumption and limitation of sensor nodes is regarded as a fundamental challenge and problem in wireless sensor nodes. Recently, in wireless sensor networks (WSNs), clustering-based energy-aware routing protocols divide neighboring nodes into separate clusters and select local cluster heads so as to combine and transmit information of each of the clusters to the central station. In this way, they attempt to maintain energy consumption balance by the network nodes. When compared with other methods, clustering methods have been able to achieve the best efficiency with regard to the enhancement of network lifetime. In this paper, using cuckoo optimization algorithm, an energy-aware clustering-based routing protocol was proposed in WSNs which is able to cluster the network and select optimal cluster heads. The proposed method considered …