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Visible light communication (VLC) has become a promising complement to its radio-frequency (RF) counterpart. In VLC systems, orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) has drawn much attention due to its high data rate, simple equalization and robustness to the inter-symbol interference (ISI). In this paper, we present a comparative performance evaluation of several classical optical OFDM schemes, including DC-biased optical OFDM (DCO-OFDM), asymmetrically clipped optical OFDM (ACO-OFDM), pulse-amplitude-modulated discrete multitone (PAM-DMT), unipolar OFDM (U-OFDM) and Flip OFDM. Since DCO-OFDM suffers from energy efficiency loss due to addition of DC-bias, whilst ACO-OFDM, PAM-DMT and U-OFDM/Flip OFDM are spectrally inefficient due to their unique frame structures, the state-of-the-art energy- and spectrum- efficient optical OFDM schemes are investigated, including …