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With the rapid development of clean energy technologies, the lithium-ion batteries have emerged as dominant power source. It is of great significance to monitor the state of charge (SOC) and state of health (SOH) accurately and efficiently for ensuing high safety and reliability. This paper proposes an active acoustic emission (AE) sensing technology and demonstrates the feasibility for co-estimation of SOC and SOH of the lithium-ion battery. The proposed method aims to achieve a fast monitoring of SOC and SOH by putting insights into the variation of material properties during operations. In the method, the appropriate power ultrasound is used to excite the battery and trigger elastic waves. A wide AE transducer can actively capture the released AE events of the battery material with different properties in a wide range of frequency band. Therefore, this allows the battery SOC/SOH to be fast characterised during …