作者
Matthew Valasik, Shannon Reid, Michael Barton
发表日期
2024/2/28
期刊
Routledge Handbook of Homicide Studies
页码范围
382
出版商
Taylor & Francis
简介
The extensive research on street gangs has established the presence of a strong, positive relationship existing between gangs and violence, with this association persisting over space and time (Decker, Pyrooz, & Densley, 2022; Howell & Griffiths, 2018; Klein & Maxson, 2006; Valasik & Tita, 2018). For street gangs, violence, whether real or perceived, serves an invaluable function in generating group cohesion through the strengthening of ties between members (Bouchard & Spindler, 2010; Klein, 1995b; Vandenbogaerde & Van Hellemont, 2016). The threat of violence from gangs can encourage fearful residents to join a local gang, provide opportunities for established gang members to participate in acts of retaliatory violence that may have otherwise not transpired, and enhances overall group solidarity (Decker, 1996; Gravel et al., 2018, 2023; Lewis & Papachristos, 2020; Papachristos, Hureau, & Braga, 2013). Furthermore, as gang members become socialized into their group, sharing more and more violent experiences, and absorbing the group’s mythology, they embrace and adhere to their gang’s norms and behaviors that champion violence (Horowitz & Schwartz, 1974; Matsuda et al., 2013; Melde & Esbensen, 2013; Pyrooz, Moule, & Decker, 2014). When compared to non-gang members, research regularly reveals that gang members are more likely to participate in criminal and violent acts, to carry and possess firearms or weapons, but also be violently victimized (Decker et al., 2022; Scott, 2018; Taylor et al., 2007; Wu & Pyrooz, 2016). Much of the existing literature on gang-related homicide focuses on ascertaining what differences exist …
学术搜索中的文章
M Valasik, S Reid, M Barton - Routledge Handbook of Homicide Studies, 2024