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Thermal disposal of sewage sludge is likely to cause serious nitrogen related environmental pollution since it contains considerable amounts of nitrogen, the species of which are quite different from those in coal. Considering that lime (CaO) is a widely applied chemical conditioner for sewage sludge dewatering, this study investigated the catalytic role of conditioner CaO in nitrogen transformation during sewage sludge pyrolysis in a drop-tube/fixed-bed furnace at 873 K, 1073 K and 1273 K, respectively. Model compounds were also used to further clarify the mechanisms involved. According to the results, conditioner CaO increased the fraction of more stable protein-N as well as amine-N. The solid phase reactions produced CaC_xN_y, thus enhancing the nitrogen retention in char. Correspondingly, decreased relative ratio of nitrates-N/nitrites-N and oxygenated organics in sludge conditioning contributed to less NO …