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In the HIV context, risky sexual behaviours can be reduced through effective parent–adolescent communication. This study used the Parent Adolescent Communication Scale to determine parent–adolescent communication by ethnicity and identify predictors of high parent–adolescent communication amongst South African adolescents post-apartheid. A cross-sectional interviewer-administered survey was administered to 822 adolescents from Johannesburg, South Africa. Backward stepwise multivariate regressions were performed. The sample was predominantly Black African (62%, n = 506) and female (57%, n = 469). Of the participants, 57% (n = 471) reported high parent–adolescent communication. Multivariate regression showed that gender was a significant predictor of high parent–adolescent communication (Black African OR:1.47, CI: 1.0–2.17, Indian OR: 2.67, CI: 1.05–6.77, White OR: 2.96, CI: 1.21–7.18 …