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Most railway level crossings in high-traffic road environments are actively protected and safest when exposure is taken into account, supporting the rail industry’s strategy to focus on upgrading passive crossings. However, collisions at these crossings account for two thirds of the collision costs at level crossings. These collisions may occur for a variety of reasons with anecdotal evidence assigning deliberate violations a key concern though there is little data to illustrate the size of the problem. The paper quantifies this to provide a more comprehensive and empirical understanding of road user interactions at active level crossings in a busy urban environment and shed light on a broader range of accident precursors. Two days of observation were conducted with large numbers of violations observed for both road vehicles and pedestrians. High levels of safety-related events were observed per activation of the …