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2. Background

Primary explanatory variables of children’s travel are distance (Waygood and Susilo, 2015) and parental concerns. However, those two explanatory variables may be in conflict. While reducing distances to destinations may be facilitated through urban intensification/densification, some parents express concern about a potential reduced sense of community, and that exposure to strangers might increase (Bonner, 1997, Johansson, 2003). However, perceptions are dynamic, and it may be that the parents have such views without experience. Parents who are connected to their community and feel that there are others whom they know in their neighbourhood may be more likely to allow their children greater independence (Bonner, 1997). More intense land-use may result in higher traffic levels if alternatives to travel by car are not supported. Higher traffic levels may negatively affect community interaction …