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With the explosive growth of mobile data demand, there has been an increasing interest in deploying small cells of higher frequency bands underlying the conventional homogeneous macrocell network, which is usually referred to as heterogeneous cellular networks, to significantly boost the overall network capacity. With vast amounts of spectrum available in the millimeter-wave (mmWave) band, small cells at mmWave frequencies are able to provide multigigabit access data rates, whereas the wireless backhaul in the mmWave band is emerging as a cost-effective solution to provide high backhaul capacity to connect access points of the small cells. In order to operate the mobile network optimally, it is necessary to jointly design the radio access and backhaul networks. Meanwhile, direct transmissions between devices should be also considered to improve system performance and enhance user experience. In this …