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Shifting freight from regular hours to nighttime has been widely used to relieve traffic congestion and reduce diesel emissions. However, there are also several cities that restrict trucks from operating at night to meet the noise regulation. Uncertainty exists in terms of the environmental impact of these truck shifting programs. On one hand, shifting trucks from peak hours can reduce the total emissions by easing congestion, while the impact of moving truck emissions to nighttime will be interacted with more stable atmospheric boundary layer and lower mixing height, increasing the nighttime concentration. On the other hand, shifting trucks from the night to day avoids the emissions with a stable atmosphere at night, while worsening traffic condition at daytime, and hence increasing the total emissions. The research presents a realistic case study and explores a comparative analysis of PM_2.5 concentration originated from …