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Tunnel ventilation systems must be able to provide adequate air quality during normal operation in addition to supporting self-evacuation and rescue efforts during emergency incidents. To maintain low or negligible levels of tailpipe emission gases during normal operation, the operational cost of tunnel ventilation systems can be high. As the vehicle emission technology advances rapidly, the vehicle fleet is constantly being renewed. Thus, realistic and practical forecasting of life cycle cost of tunnel ventilation systems must include models that incorporate the ever-changing fleet mix of zero emission, hybrid and combustion vehicles. The objective of this research project is to provide tunnel ventilation systems owners and the Port Authority of NY & NJ with a vehicle fleet mix forecast model that will: (1) Enable realistic and practical long-term forecasts of the life cycle costs of tunnel ventilation systems; (2) Provide recommendations to assist optimizing the performance of tunnel ventilation systems during normal operation and emergency incidents; (3) Provide a tool to assist in more realistic and practical asset life cycle cost analysis.