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Difficulties in emotion regulation (DER) may be important in heroin craving in individuals with heroin dependence who have experienced childhood trauma (CT). However, no research has been performed on DER in the context of heroin dependence. The aim of this study was to evaluate direct and indirect relations of CT to the subscales of heroin craving (i.e., heroin thoughts and interference, intention to use heroin and control of its consumption, and resistance to thoughts and decisions to use heroin) via DER dimensions in individuals with a DSM diagnosis of heroin dependence.

In a cross-sectional design, 330 males with heroin dependence completed the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire-Short Form (CTQ-SF), the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS), the Obsessive-Compulsive Drug Use Scale-Form Heroin (OCDUS-Form Heroin), and the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales …