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Multiple barriers are commonly installed along predicted geophysical flow paths to intercept large flow volumes. The main criterion for multiple-barrier design is volume retained. The velocity of the incoming (far-field) undisturbed flow is also sometimes used, although this neglects the influence of other obstacles on the flow characteristics. This study investigates the influence of upstream flow–barrier interaction on downstream runup and impact mechanisms of a dual rigid barrier system. Four physical flume tests were performed using dry sand to investigate flow interaction with dual barriers. Moreover, three-dimensional finite-element simulations were conducted to back-analyse the flume tests and to investigate the effects of upstream barrier height and barrier spacing on downstream impact characteristics. Two key interaction mechanisms that alter downstream flow are identified: (a) flow momentum redirection (i.e …