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The combination of simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT) and non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) is a potential solution to improve spectral efficiency and energy efficiency (EE) of the upcoming fifth generation (5G) networks, especially in order to support the functionality of the Internet of things (IoT) and the massive machine-type communications (mMTC) scenarios. In this paper, we investigate joint power allocation and time switching (TS) control for EE optimization in a TS-based SWIPT NOMA system. Our aim is to optimize the EE of the system whilst satisfying the constraints on maximum transmit power budget, minimum data rate, and minimum harvested energy per terminal. The considered EE optimization problem is neither linear nor convex involving joint optimization of power allocation and time switching factors and, thus, is extremely difficult to solve directly. In order to tackle this …