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Objective:

Trauma induces a complex immune response that requires a systems biology research approach. Here, we used a novel technology, mass cytometry by time-of-flight, to comprehensively characterize the multicellular response to trauma.

Design:

Peripheral blood mononuclear cells samples were stained with a 38-marker immunophenotyping cytometry by time-of-flight panel. Separately, matched peripheral blood mononuclear cells were stimulated in vitro with heat-killed Streptococcus pneumoniae or CD3/CD28 antibodies and stained with a 38-marker cytokine panel. Monocytes were studied for phagocytosis and oxidative burst.

Setting:

Single-institution level 1 trauma center.

Patients or Subjects:

Trauma patients with injury severity scores greater than 20 (n= 10) at days 1, 3, and 5 after injury, and age-and gender-matched controls.

Interventions:

None.

Measurements and Main Results:

Trauma-induced …